نشریه مطالعات معرفتی در دانشگاه اسلامی
پیاپی 94 (بهار 1402)

This paper aimed to compare Heidegger's and Nasr's views on modern science. Heidegger's view on modern science was analyzed, and it was pointed out that Heidegger considered the nature of technology in the modern world not as a technical matter but as a subjective metaphysical one. Also, he turned to ontological thinking based on eliminating the gap between subject and object in the face of subjectivism resulting from modern science. Then, Nasr's view on modern science was analyzed, and it was emphasized that according to Nasr, the only way to stay safe from the waves of modern science and technology was to completely break away from modern science and return to tradition and sacred science. Finally, Heidegger and Nasr's similarities and differences regarding modern science were mentioned. The research findings indicated that although Heidegger, like Nasr, critically criticized the technological rationality of the modern world, he did not intend to abandon modern science and return to the old times ultimately, and his methodology was discontinuity-continuity facing modern science. the present study employed a descriptive-comparative research. It can be concluded that according to Heidegger, the only way to face technology and modern science properly is while using the scientific and technological achievements correctly and optimally; one cannot become a slave and servant of technology. Unlike Heidegger, Nasr had a wholly disjointed and negative approach toward modern science and technology. The fact is that due to the non-opposition of Islam to the adoption of modern science and technology, the discontinuity-continuity approach in dealing with modern science and technology is considered a more logical and effective solution in dealing with modern science.

The issue of progress and excellence of Islamic societies is one of the most important issues of the Islamic world that Muslim and non-Muslim thinkers have spoken about. Allameh Mohammad Taqi Misbah Yazdi, as a philosopher and Islamic scholar with a philosophical and religious approach, has raised many topics in this regard. This research was intended to study the obstacles to the progress of Islamic societies from his perspective. (Purpose) He has paid attention to the obstacles to the progress of Islamic societies in four cultural, political, social and economic fields. In the cultural field, he knows that the most important obstacles are lack of knowledge of Islam, the cultural dominance of foreigners, weak religious beliefs, superficiality and appearanceism, self-loathing and blind imitation, and in the political field, the most important obstacles to governance are unrighteous leaders, the domination of infidels and foreigners, the idea of separating religion from politics and in the social sphere, the most important obstacles are misplaced religious, ethnic and racial prejudices, social divisions and conflicts, and the formation of new identities based on non-Islamic values, and the economic obstacles to progress are extravagance, usury, worldliness, and aristocracy. (Findings) This research has been prepared by descriptive and analytical method and based on library studies and referring to Allameh Misbah's writings and statements. (Method)

One of the richest Islamic sources in the study of professional ethics is the teachings of the noble book of Nahj al-Balagha. The purpose of the current research was to investigate the characteristics of professional ethics in the organization according to the teachings of Nahj al-Balagha.

In this research, the descriptive-correlation method using structural equations has been used. The statistical population of the employees of the main building of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology in the second half of 1400 was 700 and the statistical sample size was estimated to be around 250 according to the Morgan table and stratified random sampling method. The data collection tool was a questionnaire that included Qasimzadeh's professional ethics questionnaire (2013).

The results of the review of the sources have shown that in organizations based on compliance with the principles of professional ethics, employees had more commitment to ethical duties in the organization. The indicators of effective professional ethics in the organization according to the words of Imam Ali (a.s.) in Nahj al-Balagheh, which were analyzed in this research, are: integrity and honesty, respect for personal privacy, responsibility, the principle of tolerance and Sa'ah Sadr and keeping the promise.

According to the results of this research, the most important components of professional ethics were investigated and explained from the perspective of Nahj al-Balagha. Integrity and honesty were the most important..

Since there are several interpretations of the hadith "who knows himself knows verily of God" the purpose of this research is to examine the meaning of self-knowledge and its connection with God's knowledge.

met synthesis (synthesis of qualitative studies) helps to obtain a new theory about the meaning of self-knowledge and the method of self-knowledge over the knowledge of God is realized by considering all opinions. 12 researches were selected by examining Ph.D. and m.a studies as statistical population.

Investigations showed that all perceptions of the meaning of self-knowledge and its connection with God's knowledge come back to the fact that self-knowledge is the starting point of all other knowledge.

it was found that self-knowledge means knowing the characteristics, origin, and resurrection, Existential value and the purpose of creation is one's self, and if a person, before seeing in God's universal verses, looks at the origin, resurrection, essence, attributes, actions, identity, talents, characteristics, existential dimensions, the purpose of creation, and his position in existence, one knows well, this will be the source of all other knowledge, including the knowledge of God.

Examining the application of innate knowledge in recognizing the attributes of God from Sadra and Descartes's point of view with two different philosophical systems, an attempt to represent the issue of instinct in gaining convincing knowledge and extracting commonalities and differences between innate theology in Islamic and Western philosophy with the aim of achieving It is due to its theological implications and implications and the evolution of theological discussions. In this rational research, Descartes and Mulla Sadra's attitude to recognizing the attributes of God based on instinctual perception by descriptive, analytical methods and commonalities such as the belief in recognizing the divine attributes on innate knowledge and using reason and intuition in recognizing the attributes of God and differential aspects Like the differences in the instances of divine attributes, the types and extent of God's attributes became apparent. Existence of differences in philosophical and epistemological principles such as the originality of existence, belief in present knowledge and the use of revelation tools and mystical intuition along with reason in Sadra's philosophy, and the originality of the conceptdistinguished these two views; But in some respects, coincidence has led to common views on the possibility of knowing God instinctively and His attributes.

Ummah” is the Largest social system and Quranic Civilization. The phrase “Median Ummah” in the verse 143 of surah Al-Baqareh addresses a limited number of people. Special qudience in verse 143 Al-Baqareh along the public invitation in the Quran based on adherence of Ibrahimi upright religion in the verse” Therefore follow the religion of Ibrahim, the upright one” (Ale Imran: 95) created this question: how the position of the Final prophet and their followers beside other followers of the religion of Ibrahimi in the civilization system of the Ummah is explained? Purpose of this research was identification examples and communication “Middle Ummah” and “followers of the religion of Ibrahimi in the civilized Quranic system of the Ummah. With the descriptive-analytical method, after the conceptualization and exemplification “median Ummah” and followers of “the upright religion”, civilizational communication “median Ummah” and “the upright religion” has been researched. Humans who listen to the call of their right oriented nature are the followers of the religion of Ibrahimi the upright one and from the Ummah. The Ahl al-Bayt (a.s) and their agents guide the people in the position of the “median Ummah”. The median Ummah is the best Ummah that has been introduced in the Holy Quran with the two characteristics of “guiding the truth and doing justice”.

Apostasy is cutting off from the old form, beliefs and way of life and inclination towards religious groups, way of life, belief systems and a new way of communicating with divinity. In the Abrahamic religions, "Judaism and Christianity", this concept is used in the form of neo-paganism, heresy and apostasy and its related components. Such a phenomenon has been unpleasant in the eyes of the religious and religious leaders of Judaism and Christianity, and the approach to it has been different.The concept of apostasy is also discussed in the discourse of the Holy Quran, in addition to the imposition of worldly and otherworldly punishments. The concept of apostasy in the narration of the holy text means leaving the circle of faith and its statements are expressed violently by a sentence and the method of execution of apostasy rulings throughout history by readers and religious authorities has been in connection with the hypertextual elements and the component of power. This study examines apostasy in the Abrahamic religions and re-examines its existence in the narration of the Holy Qur'an with the angles of rationality and its components and justifies the rulings of the Holy Qur'an in this regard.

The main purpose of this research is to analysis the two main aspects of mathematics, the "geometric" analysis of motifs and the "numerical" analysis of the Architectural ornaments of Shah Nematullah Vali tomb in Mahan. The descriptive-analytical research method is based on archival method and field works. In this article, firstly, the shapes and numbers of Architectural ornaments are recognized, and then the possibility of their semantic connection with the themes of Islamic mysticism and the thoughts of Shah Nematullah Vali is examined. The geometric role of "Chalipa" and "number four" have been used the most in the architectural decorations of Astaneh, which in combination with regular octagonal geometry is a symbol of "perfect man" and a manifestation of divine light, reminding of the "The Presence of the Promised Saviour ". It seems that the architects of this work have used unique geometric motifs based on the numbers from one to twelve in the shamsehs and arrays, which refers to Shia beliefs, the "number twelve" in the unique painting of the lines of Chalehkhaneh. It was used to introduce the 12th Imam of Shia and it seems that the teachings of Shah Nematullah were embodied in the form of Architectural ornaments in his tomb. Also, the rotation, twisting and turning of these twelve cracks and gathering them into a single circle represents the principle of "unity in the same multiplicity".

Whereas verbal debate and persuasion of the audience in a correct and effective way has been one of the important topics of social interactions from the distant past to the present age of communication; The present study has been conducted in order to apply the concept of "good argument" based on the teachings of the Holy Quran and modeled on the practical life of Imam Ali (AS). Data collection in this research is a library method with a descriptive-analytical approach. The findings of the study indicate that contrary to the lexical meaning of the dispute, which is often interpreted as "verbal militancy", the Holy Quran also pays attention to the positive meaning of the dispute and interprets it as "the best dispute", and some characteristics Has also introduced to achieve it; Therefore, based on the verses of the Holy Quran, five of the most essential features of the best debate, including: 1- allegory expression 2- empathy with the audience 3- use of argument 4- being polite and avoidance of ridicule 5-observe fairness and avoidance of bigotry were selected. Then, by examining the life of Imam Ali (AS) in Nahj al-Balaghah, practical examples for each of those characteristics were explained separately.

The purpose of this article is to examine three important concepts in educational content, including know, skill, and be, and apply them to the book of Islamic thought 1, authored by Mehdi Teratifi, in order to explain new educational issues related to Islamic education courses were in universities. In the integrated training, the examination of these three has been carried out under the abbreviated title of umbrella KDB. In this article, by conducting research using a library method and with a descriptive, explanatory and interdisciplinary approach, the needs of educational content to reach the desired standards in integrated education and especially the KDB umbrella have been stated. The result considered in this article is the answer to the following three important questions in compiling the educational content and applying it to the Islamic Thought textbook 1: What should learners know, what should they do and how should they be? Since the answer to these questions is one of the concerns of experts in curriculum development, especially with the trend of interdisciplinary education, paying attention to them should be one of the requirements of writing textbooks. It should be mentioned that the comparative work done in this article has no noteworthy research background.

The purpose of this article was to examine one of the important views in the analysis of knowledge, that is, Plantinga's new view, called proper functionalism. This research was carried out with a descriptive-analytical-critical method through collecting information, studying written works and analyzing concepts, propositions and arguments. The findings of the research showed that the former views (both internalism and externalism) cannot guarantee the truth of a belief due to ignoring the proper functioning of cognitive powers as a necessary condition for knowledge. But Plantinga's view, in addition to proper function, includes other elements such as a good design map and a suitable cognitive environment. Of course, Plantinga's view has not been without criticism. The most important criticisms that have been raised against his view are "swamp man" and "problem of accuracy". And in this article, the inadequacy of the previous views was shown and also the elements and principles of Plantinga's view were explained. And then, "swamp man" and "problem of accuracy" were examined. Plantinga, faced with the problem of accuracy, presented different interpretations of proper functionalism. Examining the problems and answers of the parties showed that Plantinga's final analysis is defensible in the face of these two criticisms.